step 2Find the Chip

step 2Find the Chip

In this instructable, I am using an old, deactivated debit card. I found the RFID chip in a previous card by cutting into it randomly.
I DO NOT recommend this method if you don't know where the chip is, as you could obviously damage the chip and make it unusable.
I do not know if all cards are setup with the RFID in the same location, but if they are, my guidelines will give you a good idea where to start.

If not, I was able to see the impression of the chip on the back of the card when I looked at it from an angle in a well lit room (it appeared as a small square impression only a few millimeters across).

Make sure to mark out a guideline to cut along that goes from the bottom of the magnetic strip to the top of the imprinted card numbers. This will yield a decent size chunk of the card with the RFID in the center

step 2Where can RFID chips be found

As RFID chips become cheaper, the number of devices that include them grows.

Currently there are RFID tags in:

- US passports: The RFID tag contains all the information that is written in the passport, along with a digital picture

- Transportation payments: Things like New York's EZ Pass, Florida's Sun Pass, and California's Fast Trak are all RFID based toll payment systems.

- Access control: Many buildings and schools require RFID tagged cards to be used for entry.

- Credit cards: Chase, and a few other banks, now issue credit cards embedded with RFID chips, called "blink". They are able to convince people it is an added convenience, but in reality it is a huge security risk.



There are many other devices which contain RFID tags; however, the ones listed are the most common and offer the greatest security risk.

introHow to block/kill RFID chips

introHow to block/kill RFID chips

In this Instructable I will describe different ways to block or kill RFID tags. RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification. If you do not know about this technology yet, you should definitely start familiarizing yourself with it, because the number of different devices that utilize these types of tags is growing exponentially.

RFID chips are very similar to barcodes in the sense that a certain amount of data is contained within them, and then transmitted to a reading device which then processes and utilizes the information. The major difference is that barcodes have to be physically visible to the reading device, which is usually only able to scan them at a distance of a 12 inches or less. RFID tags, on the other hand, do not have to be visible to the reading device. They can be scanned through clothes, wallets, and even cars. The distance from which they can be read is also much greater than that of a barcode. At DEFCON an RFID tag was scanned at a distance of 69 feet, and that was back in 2005, the possible reading distance now is probably much greater than that.

There are a few different categories of RFID tags, but the most common ones, and the ones we will be dealing with in this instructable, are the "passive" type. Passive RFID chips contain no internal power supply. They contain an antenna which is able to have a current induced in it when within range of the RFID reader. The tag then uses that electricity to power the internal chip, which bounces its data back out through the antenna, where it will be picked up by the reader.

For more information on RFID tags check out the wikipedia entry.

Who's using RFID?

RFID is already in use all around us. Ever chipped your pet dog or cat with an ID tag? Or used an EZPass through a toll booth? Or paid for gas using ExxonMobils' SpeedPass? Then you've used RFID.

Some uses, especially those related to security, seem like a great idea. For instance, Delta is testing RFID on some flights, tagging 40,000 customer bags in order to reduce baggage loss and make it easier to route bags if customers change their flight plans.

Three seaport operators - who account for 70% of the world's port operations - agreed to deploy RFID tags to track the 17,000 containers that arrive each day at US ports. Currently, less than 2% are inspected. RFID tags will be used to track the containers and the employees handling them.

The United States Department of Defense is moving into RFID in order to trace military supply shipments. During the first Gulf War, the DOD made mistakes in its supply allocation. To streamline operations, the U.S. military has placed RFID tags on 270,000 cargo containers and tracks those shipments throughout 40 countries.

On a smaller level, but one that will instantly resonate with security pros, Star City Casino in Sydney, Australia placed RFID tags in 80,000 employee uniforms in order to put a stop to theft. The same idea would work well in corporate PCs, networking equipment, and handhelds.

In all of these cases, RFID use seems reasonable. It is non-intrusive, and it seems to balance security and privacy. Other uses for RFID, however, may be troublesome.

Visa is combining smart cards and RFID chips so people can conduct transactions without having to use cash or coins. These smart cards can also be incorporated into cell phones and other devices. Thus, you could pay for parking, buy a newspaper, or grab a soda from a vending machine without opening your wallet. This is wonderfully convenient, but the specter of targeted personal ads popping up as I walk through the mall, a la Minority Report, does not thrill me.

Michelin, which manufactures 800,000 tires a day, is going to insert RFID tags into its tires. The tag will store a unique number for each tire, a number that will be associated with the car's VIN (Vehicle Identification Number). Good for Michelin, and car manufacturers, and fighting crime. Potentially bad for you. Who will assure your privacy? Do you really want your car's tires broadcasting your every move?

The European Central Bank may embed RFID chips in the euro note. Ostensibly to combat counterfeiters and money-launderers, it would also enable banks to count large amounts of cash in seconds. Unfortunately, such a move would also makes it possible for governments to track the passage of cash from individual to individual. Cash is the last truly anonymous way to buy and sell. With RFID tags, that anonymity would be gone. In addition, banks would not be the only ones who could in an instant divine how much cash you were carrying; criminals can also obtain power transceivers.

Several major manufacturers and retailers expect RFID tags to aid in managing the supply chain, from manufacturing to shipping to stocking store shelves, including Gillette (which purchased 500 million RFID tags for its razors), Home Depot, The Gap, Proctor & Gamble, Prada, Target, Tesco (a United Kingdom chain), and Wal-Mart. Especially Wal-Mart.

The retail giant, the largest employer in America, is working with Gillette to create "smart shelves" that can alert managers and stockboys to replenish the supply of razors. More significantly, Wal-Mart intends for its top 100 suppliers to fully support RFID for inventory tracking by 2005. Wal-Mart would love to be able to point an RFID reader at any of the 1 billion sealed boxes of widgets it receives every year and instantly know exactly how many widgets it has. No unpacking, no unnecessary handling, no barcode scanners required.

RFID Chips Are Here

RFID chips are being embedded in everything from jeans to paper money, and your privacy is at stake.

Bar codes are something most of us never think about. We go to the grocery store to buy dog food, the checkout person runs our selection over the scanner, there's an audible beep or boop, and then we're told how much money we owe. Bar codes in that sense are an invisible technology that we see all the time, but without thinking about what's in front of our eyes.

Bar codes have been with us so long, and they're so ubiquitous, that its hard to remember that they're a relatively new technology that took a while to catch on. The patent for bar codes was issued in 1952. It took twenty years before a standard for bar codes was approved, but they still didn't catch on. Ten years later, only 15,000 suppliers were using bar codes. That changed in 1984. By 1987 - only three years later! - 75,000 suppliers were using bar codes. That's one heck of a growth curve.

So what changed in 1984? Who, or what, caused the change?

Wal-Mart.

When Wal-Mart talks, suppliers listen. So when Wal-Mart said that it wanted to use bar codes as a better way to manage inventory, bar codes became de rigeur. If you didn't use bar codes, you lost Wal-Mart's business. That's a death knell for most of their suppliers.

The same thing is happening today. I'm here to tell you that the bar code's days are numbered. There's a new technology in town, one that at first blush might seem insignificant to security professionals, but it's a technology that is going to be a big part of our future. And how do I know this? Pin it on Wal-Mart again; they're the big push behind this new technology.

So what is it? RFID tags.

Integrated RFID Solutions

Because ActiveWave designs its own RFID tags, readers, and host software, we are able to provide you with a seamless integrated RFID solution. An ActiveWave RFID integrated solution is capable of tracking such diverse elements as containers, pallets, furniture, test equipment, vehicles, and hospital patients.
Real-Time Inventory Tracking
An Active RFID integrated solution can generate an updated inventory and track the exact location of goods in real time. The system can keep track of virtually any activity of the tagged equipment or inventory. The system will identify and track the items at any point in the warehouse or any part of the building that the system is installed.
Total Visibility through RFID
An ActiveWave RFID integrated solution can help reduce the obsolete stock by providing real time product status information. The amount of idle inventory tied up in store and warehouses can thus be dramatically reduced through the effective use of information that this system will provide.
Our RFID integrated solution is capable of displaying a map of the warehouse, parking lot, or building depending on the RFID application. This map, stored in our database, can be used by your personnel to search for the location of a person, equipment or inventory, and display their location in real-time.
Reconciliation of Inventory
Currently, the process of reconciling actual inventory against the product database is very time consuming and expensive especially if done manually or through the use of barcodes.
An ActiveWave RFID integrated solution, on the other hand, can check stock and inventories received and dispatch items automatically.
Reduction of Theft and Shrinkage
The system will allow internal theft and other forms of inventory shrinkage to be rapidly identified, and eliminated.

RFID ACTIVE TAGS

Recent developments in technology have allowed us to develop a low cost and highly reliable RFID active tag solution. ActiveWave RFID tags have many advantages over conventional RFID passive tags and RFID active tags.

Advantages Over Passive Tag Solutions:
- Longer Read Range-

RFID Passive tags have read ranges limited to a few feet. ActiveWave RFID tags have a read range of up to 85 meters (~279 feet).
- Larger Data Storage Capacity-Passive tags have limited data storage capacity compared to the ActiveWave RFID active tags.

Data Can Be Sent at Designated Times-

Passive tags send data only when they are in close proximity to the RFID reader. Because of the large read range, ActiveWave RFID tags can send data at pre-designated intervals or at certain locations.

Advantages Over Other RFID Active Tags:
Longer Life- ActiveWave uses the latest technology to achieve reliability and life that rivals other active tags.

Lower Cost- ActiveWave RFID tags uses the latest technology and integration to provide you with a very cost effective tag.

Smaller Size- ActiveWave RFID tags are smaller than Active tags based on older technology.

• 
  Summary of Features:
  Very low cost, read-only tag, for access control
  Compact-size tag for wrist bands
  Standard, long-range, read/write tag
  High-security, long-range, bi-directional, read/write tag
  Available in different sizes, based on the application
  

Read Only vs. Read/Write Tags
ActiveWave offers Read Only and Read/Write RFID tags.

Read Only Tags: The transponders generally provide a fixed factory-set identification code, which is tamperproof, and are known as Read Only (R/O). The unique code, known as a License Plate, enables the tag to be cross-referenced with a database, thereby allowing the tagged item to be closely followed and monitored.

Read/Write Tags: The customer can modify the tag's data. This offers advantages in many applications where the identification code needs to be changed, or where variable data is more important than a unique identity.

VeriChips Violate Privacy

VeriChips Violate Privacy

Radio frequency identification chips are ubiquitous little buggers. Most of us already use them
without realizing. If you've ever flown through a toll booth using an
EZPass, quickly purchased gas with ExxonMobils' SpeedPass, or chipped
your French poodle Francesca with an ID tag, you're onboard the RFID
bandwagon.
RFID tags are microchips, generally a wee-bit longer than a rice
grain, that act as transmitters, always ready for a radio wave signal
to pick them up. The tag responds by sending a unique ID code back to
the transceiver, or RFID reader, whichever asked the chip to respond.
Many other uses have already been found for the RFID chips, including
replacing keys for access to top-security labs, Prius car owners to
start their engines, and giant corporations like Wal-Mart employ the
high-tech tool to track inventory.
Soon products we purchase will contain them too. US passports will
come chip equipped and Michelin plans on inserting tags into their
tires. Anonymity and privacy are about to become part of the past.
But now there's a new personal use for the chip on the market-an
eerily invasive method that gets you right under the skin. VeriChip Corporation is the only purveyor of the
VeriChip human ID implant, injected into one's right arm.
Implantable tags for humans are a complete violation of privacy-an
unprecedented way for Big Brother to spy on anyone, anywhere, anytime.
The VeriChip can provide any information you store on it, identity
information, medical history, credit card, bank account info,
or access to your building's office. In the future you won't even have
to bust out your wallet for a Coke at the vending machine. The most
personal information and most menial transactions will be done from
your arm. Nothing could be more convenient.
But having government being able to track my every move anywhere on
the planet doesn't appeal me. Furthermore, I won't have my arm scanned
for others to more easily retrieve my most private records. I
refuse to reduce myself to nothing more than a barcode.
What proves truly troublesome comes in the information VeriChip was
reluctant to disclose about their product. "A hacker can simply walk
by a chipped person and clone his or her VeriChip signal, a threat

already demonstrated by security researches," according to Liz
McIntyre, CASPIAN privacy advocate in a press release on
Spychips.com.
Poof! Instant identity theft. A feat that any laptop
owning geek could pull off with a tight squeeze next to someone in an
elevator, or by 'accidentally' bumping into an unsuspecting passerby
on a sidewalk.
South of the border the chips are being marketed to trace kidnap
victims. Solusat, Mexico's VeriChip distributor has already begun
injecting microchips as a preventative measure under their VeriKid
program. Ironically enough, the flesh-embedded microchip will probably
prove to be more of a kidnapping aid for the suspect rather than
providing emergency ID for the victim. In the same manner in which
cookies attached to a website's browser serve to recognize returning
customers-complete with personal suggestions for CD selections-hackers
can attach cookies to a RFID chip, having the ability to track your
every move.
In medical emergencies, ambient radio waves found in ambulances may
interfere with the VeriChip scanning equipment. Technical
difficulties such as a patient's database being unavailable, or
unknowingly erased and replaced with false information-courtesy of a
hacker-would only have a tragic result.
RFID technology terrifies me. It's unethical, morally wrong, and even worse than what happened during the holocaust.
An ID chip would serve just that purpose, the ability to be tracked.
Only now on a much larger scale.
Even more horrifying, at least for God fearing people such as myself,
many believe VeriChip to be completing a Bible prophecy about a sign
depicting the end times in which all people will receive a mark on
their right hand or forehead, calling it the "mark of the beast," in
which people become no more than a number. 666 to be exact.
But I'm not a number. I'm a person, and I don't want to be scanned or
treated like an item. I don't want to feel traced or followed, without
privacy, without rights. I want the freedom to roam as I please
without fearing someone will hack into my life or track me as easily
as Wal-Mart inventory.

I recently read an interesting article, Boys in the hood: the fight for religion's soul. The article is written by a visitor who spent a bit of time with the monks of the Esphigmenou monastery at Mount Athos. While the bulk of the article reveals the life of the monks, one paragraph in particular caught my eye:

"As I walk through the stone gateway for the last time, I pass an aged monk, sitting sentinel beneath its frescoes. I offer him a Quality Street - the last of my bulwark against a beans-only diet. He takes the box and turns it over carefully, methodically. Then he points to the barcode, and shakes his head, his long beard accentuating the motion. The packet is returned, untouched."

I found it awe inspiring that the monk (mentioned in this story) took such a clear stand against the technology that so many of us not only take for granted, but generally overlook. While I see no "evil" in the bar code system itself, I do believe that it is the technological forerunner of the RFID and microchip (VeriChip) system that is being globally established.

The 666 found in Bar Codes

On a website by Eric Jewell we find the topic of 666 as well as the FAQ: Is The UPC Code The Forerunner Of The "Mark of the Beast"?

His observation and explanation of the bar code system shed some light on the question, but above all, his conclusions wraps up the fact that the old technology will make way for the new. He writes:

"Is the bar code the mark of the beast? Of course not... but... it is my honest belief that a bar-coded, implantable computer chip will be. The evidence is overwhelming, and technologically speaking it is the only thing that will completely fulfill everything we are told about it. Technologically it is the only thing we have that even comes close. Biblically its an exact hit. As far as current events, and the direction we as a world are heading, it is inevitable in time."

To better understand the UPC code it would be best to visit George J. Laurer's personal site, where he ironically, has a page dedicated to those Christians that apparently pestered him about "helping to invent the mark of the beast". He admits that the numbers 666 do appear in the code and we can find his reply to "666" questions on a page titled QUESTIONS about the U.P.C. and the New Testamant.

Laurer states that it is simply a coincidence then continues to answer a question:

Question: Rumor has it that the lines (left, middle, and right) that protrude below the U.P.C. code are the numbers 6,6,6... and that this is the international money code. I typed a code with all sixes and this seems to be true. At least they all resemble sixes. What's up with that? 11/11/98

Answer: Yes, they do RESEMBLE the code for a six. An even parity 6 is:
1 module wide black bar
1 module wide white space
1 module wide black bar
4 module wide white space


There is nothing sinister about this nor does it have anything to do with the Bible's "mark of the beast" (The New Testament, The Revelation, Chapter 13, paragraph 18). It is simply a coincidence like the fact that my first, middle, and last name all have 6 letters. There is no connection with an international money code either.

For more hogwash about 666 implications of the U.P.C., government form numbers, other publications, codes and the like, see Mary Sterwart Relfe's book "The New Money System". Such hype about the U.P.C. has been around since 1973.


From Bar Codes to RFID
On a separate page on this site, there is an article by David C. Allais on, RFID: A balanced perspective
where the connection between the bar code and RFID are made:


"An RFID tag is simply a microchip attached to an antenna. This RFID tag is a data carrier analogous to a printed bar code or to the magnetic stripe on your credit card. Unlike bar codes, RFID does not require a line of sight because tags are read by radio waves rather than by reflected light."

Allais then points out that the RFID made its beginning in the 1970s and continues:
"The catch-all term RFID embraces considerable variety including active or passive tags, read-only or read-write, and four widely separated radio frequencies. Tags can range in size from tiny capsules for injection under an animal's skin to large active tags for fast-moving rail cars. The distance at which an RFID tag can be read depends on tag type, antenna configuration and RF power. The smallest passive tags require near contact while larger active tags may be read from a distance of over 100 feet."

Tagged animals, Chipped People
So, where do we go from there? Well, the way technology has continued to advance, we have gone from animals being tagged, to humans being tagged.Below is an excerpt from a page of a person who has been tagged twice, once in each hand:


"Amal has two RFID implants, one in each hand. His left hand contains a 3mm by 13mm EM4102 glass RFID tag that was implanted by a cosmetic surgeon using a scalpel to make a very small cut, into which the implant was placed. His right hand contains a 2mm by 12mm Philips HITAG 2048 S implant with crypto-security features and 255 bytes of read/write memory storage space. It was implanted by a family doctor using an Avid injector kit like the ones used on pets. He can access his front door, car door, and log into his computer using his implants, and has written a book called RFID Toys, which details how to build these and other RFID enabled projects."

As we all know, since the beginning of implantable microchips, VeriChips or generic chips, they have been implanted into people for various reasons. The reasons range from medical, to security, digital cashless transactions or just for fun.

Have we allowed technology to cross the line of moral ethics? Furthermore, will technology become a "helping hand" in the spiritual downfall of mankind? Perhaps the answers to these questions will only become clear to some people after technology has become an active instrument in separating us from God. Even then, some will doubt the scriptures, while others who call themselves Christians will betray God and ignore the written prophesy concerning the end. Those who seek the truth, will see through the deceptions of the times.

The general belief among many (some with tinfoil hats, some simply with religious conviction) is that all of this technology is leading us to one thing, the micro chipping of mankind, and the replacement of legal tender with a global RFID database system. A system, that will require us to be chipped, that is, if we desire the ability to "buy or sell". It's up to us to refuse the mark, or "cash-in" on it, as scripture states in Rev.13:16-18:

"And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads: And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six."

I tend to believe that with the way technology is advancing this will all eventually boil down to linking products and micro chipped people together. What we have to accept, is that it has come to pass that a "mark" has been created and implanted into people; a mark, which has a cashless transaction ability. What is left now is for a global agreement to be implemented, which will force society to use that RFID chip in place of cash transactions.

But that's just what I think.

MC9090-G RFID Handheld Mobile Computer

Motorola's MC9090-G RFID handheld reader gives your workers the ability to capture a comprehensive range of data — from RFID tags and bar codes to images — with this flexible multi-function RFID handheld reader, which reads data in remote areas where fixed RFID readers can't reach.

Single device simplicity translates into simpler and cost-effective mobility architecture with fewer devices to purchase, support, and manage. And whether your workers are on the manufacturing floor, in the warehouse, on the loading dock or out in the yard, the rugged design ensures reliable performance.

Features

Superior application flexibility
Multi-modal single device supports 1D and 2D bar code scanning, RFID and imaging.

Supports EPC Gen 2 and Dense Reader Mode (DRM)
Allows easy integration of RFID as part of your supply chain processes.

Exceptionally rugged construction
Gives you the flexibility to work in nearly any environment and dramatically reduces repair and downtime costs. This device passes the industry's most stringent drop and tumble tests, has an IP64 sealing rating and integrated internal antennas.

Flexibility to support global deployment needs
Multiple configurations available that support standards around the world.

Superior wireless connectivity
Enable real-time data communications with Integrated 802.11 a/b/g.

Maximize software development investment
Windows Mobile 5.0 provides an advanced mobile operating system for robust application support (Windows or application specific).

Persistent storage and multimedia application support
Ensure retention of mission-critical data with Intel XScale PXA270 processor and 624 MHz enhanced memory architecture.

Wirelessly synchronize, print, and connect to a headset
WPAN: Bluetooth v1.2 radio with BT Explorer (Manager included).

Easy to read in a variety of lighting conditions
Large QVGA display: exceptional clarity and contrast.

Forward scanning, pistol grip ergonomics
Reduces user fatigue in bar code scanning and RFID tag reading intensive applications.

Integrated directional antenna (70 degree forward-looking)
Enables isolation of desired tags.

Familiar tools
API (Application Programming Interface) for Microsoft® Windows® CE.NET 4.2 and Windows Mobile 5.0 simplify and reduce the time required to develop RFID-enabled applications

RD5000 Mobile RFID Reader

Extend the reach of your RFID network and achieve a new level of visibility into inventory and assets with the RD5000 Mobile RFID Reader. This compact, rugged reader can be installed almost anywhere — on material handling equipment such as forklifts, on mobile carts, portable skate wheel conveyors or even in hard to reach places where a cabled fixed reader would not be practical.Designed for true mobility and mobile applications, this device provides wireless LAN connectivity so product is easily tracked as it moves throughout your operations. The result is granular real-time information — allowing you to achieve a new level of productivity and efficiency throughout your enterprise.

100% free of network, power and antenna cablesFacilitates implementation of RFID read points in new areas of the enterprise, expands visibility of product movement and enables new productivity-saving applications.Integrated 802.11a/b/g WLAN radiosFlexible, reliable connection with wireless LAN for real-time inventory visibility; features unique to Symbol that deliver superior and reliable wireless connectivity.Integrated Bluetooth®Enables wireless communication between RD5000 and an on-board vehicle computer for a completely cable-free solution; ensures constant connection to the onboard computer — even in areas wherethere is no reliable WLAN connection.Integrated rugged antennaEliminates the need for separate antennas, cables, mounting brackets and connectors to further simplify installation and reduce maintenance.Integrated battery with optional external power sourceSelf-contained battery power enables true mobility and eliminates the need to run power cabling — and the associated expense; optional external power source available.Interactive sensing technologiesAcceleration sensor and proximity sensor facilitate a variety of applications — for example, can be used to maximize battery life by enabling the RD5000 to activate RFID operation based on vehicle motion; triggers RFID reads based on proximity to objects, such as pallets.IP66 sealingCompletely sealed against dust and jets of water, ensuring reliable operation in nearly any environment, from the warehouse to the yard and more.Industry standard platformIntel® XScale® 624 MHz PXA270 processor and enhanced memory architecture enable easy integration into your existing technology environment.Microsoft® Windows® CE 5.0Advanced operating system provides robust application support.MC9000 series compatible battery and chargersSignificantly reduces investment in batteries and chargers for enterprises that are already using Symbol's MC9000 series mobile handheld computers.

Item Locator System Item Locator is a unique patented system for assisting staff to quickly locate items inside a large single building space such as a warehouse or factory, or over a wide open area such as a storage yard or a construction site. Item Locator is particularly suited to instantly finding objects in difficult environments where there are many similar looking items in close proximity, or where the search area is large. Item Locator is scaleable and so may be used to tag anything from a handful up to thousands of items, which can each then be instantly located within a square kilometre area. The system has been designed to focus solely on the items being sought at any one time and so is optimised to find between one to ten items in any single search. The items in questions may be anything such as high value assets, components, plant, mobile equipment, pallets of goods or even people etc. The items are tagged in advance and when sought the associated tag is woken up by a radio signal. The tag position is ascertained and the tag emits a loud beeping noise and flashing light so it will be quickly located by searching staff.
The Item Locator System can be installed as the primary means of finding items or as a secondary back-up method if the formal systems fail. An example application is where key parts are required quickly for mission critical maintenance, but they are stored in brown cardboard boxes with hundreds of other similar boxes stacked on pallets across many warehouse racks. The warehouse system in theory provides the formal location of where such an item ‘should be’, but if it has been put away incorrectly, moved or misplaced it could take hours or even days to find it through a manual search of all the racking. By contrast the Item Locator system helps staff find the required items within minutes.
Traditional RFID systems do not perform this task very well without a significant multiple reader implementation across the whole site which is expensive, inflexible and time consuming. For large area coverage a traditional RFID system could take weeks of planning, configuration, implementation and tuning effort. By contrast our Item Locator system is quick, easy and cheap to implement as it only requires one transmitter to be installed in the centre of the site or building which can cover a large area up to one kilometre square. Our Item Locator system is the closest to ‘plug and go’ as is possible for an RFID system to be and can be installed and delivering value in under an hour.

Outdoor GPS Tracking

GPS is the technology of choice for outdoor tracking of vehicles, assets and staff over a wide geographic area. Where an object needs to be tracked outdoors and also within buildings, then a combined RFID and GPS tagging system can be used as GPS alone does not provide indoor positioning.

RFID Centre can provide complete tracking systems including GPS personnel, asset or vehicle mount units and a unique flexible web based application software system called Universal Tracker. Tracking information is made available to multiple end-users over the Internet from a dedicated password protected web server. The system provides control, visibility, security, safety and real-time management of remote resources such as assets, vehicles and staff.

The Universal Tracker GPS software can be rapidly configured to represent the key information associated with any object class that your organisation wishes to track – so it can literally ‘track anything’ through one consolidated system. Most GPS tracking systems assume that only vehicles needs to be tracked and so have hard-coded only the handful of fields associated with vehicle information. By contrast our Universal Tracker system has been designed in such a flexible way that it allows customers to represent many different mobile object classes or resources such as plant, equipment, products, machinery, containers, consignments, vehicles, loan workers – so they may be all tracked and optimised. The system adopts the customer’s naming conventions, icons and terminology for any object class such that it can be rapidly implemented and instantly understood by staff users. An overview diagram showing how the system is used to track vehicles is shown below :
Universal Tracker System Features : Overt or covert installation of vehicle or asset GPS units, plus small form factor personnel GPS units Long battery life units with regular data reporting via the GSM/GPRS mobile phone network back to the server Geo-fencing - create multiple user defined boundaries and zones Create custom rules associated with vehicles or objects passing into or out of the zone that may trigger further actions or messages Issue alerts by SMS, systems messages or e-mail if rules or conditions are triggered such as a zone boundary being crossed by a specific vehicle or object class View object movements in real-time by configurable tables or through on-screen mapping with different icons for each object class Real-time position reporting Automatic arrival and departure notification with date/time stamp Snail trails and journey reports Supports combined GPS and RFID reporting – know where your vehicle is and what load is inside Route history log and reporting including downloads to MS Excel spreadsheets for further analysis

Indoor RFID Tracking

Passive RFID systems can be used over short-ranges where the objects to be tracked pass through a small number of known narrow points that can be automatically monitored – such as a pallet of goods passing through a door in a warehouse. Passive RFID systems are only capable of recording the movement of objects at those specific choke points and loose visibility outside of those points. Active RFID provides superior performance where real-time tracking is required throughout a larger or more complex area, such as within a hospital, industrial or office building with many corridors, doors and rooms. Battery powered active tags have far greater signal range and the active readers are generally cheaper, thus making deployment more cost effective overall. An active RFID system is viable where the objects to be tracked are higher value, mission critical, have a consequential impact if not quickly located, or there is an additional security, regulatory or health and safety requirement for such information. TagMobile is the brand name of the RFID Centre active real-time location and tracking system which incorporates both hardware and software in an integrated solution. TagMobile is a highly configurable system that provides superior indoor positional accuracy to all other systems as it uses patented tri-technology allowing the intelligent tag to ascertain its location with 100% certainty. TagMobile will locate and record the movements of people and objects anywhere within its predefined reader network. It can govern those movements with a system of rules based on associated events and actions such as an asset passing into a particular zone within the building. The following diagram shows TagMobile system architecure within a hospital environment:

TagMobile is scalable from a standalone department system to a campus wide network and can be customized to meet user’s specific process requirements. TagMobile can be installed as a completely wireless system using WiFi or Ethernet TCP/IP or a combination of the two to send positional data back to the central system with the lowest implementation costs. With appropriate password security authorised staff can then access the server to view the location of those assets or people from anywhere within the organisation.

Tag Mobile gives customers the ability to manage the following: People and Asset Visibility Asset and Item Protection Evacuation Management Dwell Time or Time and Attendance Area Detection Access Control Mobile Resource Optimisation Organisations will achieve the following benefits by using TagMobile: Secure facilities Protect personnel Reduce asset loss Locate assets/equipment Optimise mobile resources Increase workforce productivity Compliance to process Perform real-time stock Improve estate utilisation

HALO® Infant Protection Systems

The HALO Infant Protection System helps protect infants, patients, staff, and even vital medical equipment to ensure operating efficiencies, cost savings, and overall peace of mind. The HALO system uses unique skin-sensing RFID tags that provide ample notification once removed from an infant, even if the infant loses weight. Features and components of the HALO Infant Protection System include:

• Mother/Baby Matching – Infant Tags and Mother Tags can be associated to prevent accidental baby switching. Mother Tag can be used for auto-enrollment to ensure infants are protected immediately after birth.
• User-Friendly Software – Facility floor plan embedded in software provides visual indication of the location of a patient, staff member or asset. HALO smoothly integrates into your facility’s day-to-day operations, and the system can be configured to send alarm notifications to one, multiple, or all networked workstations.
• State-of-the-Art Technology – Patented technology provides immunity from noise interference, reducing nuisance alarms. The RDIF tags are the smallest and have the longest battery life available. Infrastructure components are monitored to ensure continuous system operation. Best warranties on tags and hardware provide lower ongoing operating costs.
• One-Touch Staff Distress Alerts – Location of staff in distress is displayed on the floor plan. Staff tag also provides hands-free access through protected exits
• Real-Time Location of Infants and Patients – Patient location is easily queried even when no alarm is present.
• Medical Equipment Protection and Location – Asset Tag protects medical equipment, and equipment location is easily queried and displayed on floor plan.

HALO Infant Protection System

EXI Wireless Systems Inc.

HALO is the ultimate infant protection

Details

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HALO is the ultimate infant protection. HALO "P-Tag" transponders will create system alarms if removed from the patient. Any attempt to exit the HALO system perimeter will invoke countermeasures and alarms alerting staff. The HALO central station is a computer with full color video display. HALO alarms and detection points are clearly identified in the graphical representation of your facility layout.

FEATURES
• EXI's exclusive patient tag senses if it has been removed from the patient.
• HALO supports up to 10 central stations, providing color displays of your facility's controlled exits and alarm conditions.
• Simple user interface minimizes staff training.
• Automatic patient identification for tag removal or egress alarms.
• Door bypass features allow staff to escort patients without alarms.
• Automatic door control prevents unattended patient egress.
• Industry leading lift elevator interface locks down elevators while minimizing staff interruptions.

Infant Protection
HALO transponders are specially designed for infants. Cut band technologies require constant supervision from staff to ensure the protective device remains on the infant during weight loss periods. EXI patient transponders' flexible band does not require repeated tightening. If the band does slip off or is intentionally removed, HALO will immediately notify staff at the central station by identifying the infant and the area where tag removal has occurred in your facility. The HALO central site will maintain a log of activity in the system including alarms, staff bypasses and tag removals. The central site is also used to re-assign patient tags when admitting new patients into the facility.

Flexibility
HALO can operate stand-alone or integrate into a larger system, providing your facility with the desired level of protection. HALO systems may operate in conjunction with:
• fire alarm overrides;
• lift elevator control;
• video equipment;
• various card reader systems;
• door mag-lock systems;
• paging systems.

EXI provides a full compliment of peripheral hardware such asannunciators and bypass devices to tailor your system needs.

EXI Wireless Systems Inc., Suite 100 - 13551 Commerce Parkway, Richmond, BC V6V 2L1. Tel: (800) 667-9689; Fax: (604) 207-7765.

RFIDs: GREAT NEW LOGISTICS BUSINESS OR BRAVE NEW WORLD?

(Presentation by Dr Patrick Dixon at national UK conference on RFID use - January 2004 - see also RFID slides)

Get ready for the biggest manufacturing, distribution and retail revolution since the net. The next ten years will see a new techno-revolution which will allow total automation from manufacturing to point of purchase, using wireless technology to create "radio barcodes".

A world, where everything that moves can talk to everyone, everywhere all the time. That means cartons of milk, bottles of wine, clothes, wallets, tyres, cars, pets and people.

Radio bar-codes embedded into billions of different things and organisms which have value, including animals and possibly some human beings - sending out radio signals about what they are, where they are, and possibly what they are doing or how their bodies are working. Like mobile phones, they cannot communicate to each other direct, but can exchange information via send / receive base stations.

These devices are tiny micro-computer systems which already cost as little as 25 cents, expected to fall to less than 5 cents by 2005. They are going to change all our lives, containing hardware, software, and permanent memory stores. They transmit and receive data and have their own built-in power generators which could in theory last up to 100 years. Activated by a high-intensity burst of electromagnetic radiation from a distance of less than two metres, the devices respond with short bursts of data.

So-called Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID) are already being introduced rapidly by chains such as Wal-Mart for larger consignments. RFIDs have been around a long time. Since 1997 you'll have found the same technology in Ski passes in Switzerland , in Swatch watches, some of which can store credit, as well as more recently in London Underground electronic tickets.

Within the current decade, more of these RFIDs will be made each year than there are people alive on earth. Once prices fall to less than 2 cents per tag, retail usage will explode with anything from 20 - 40 billion tagged products sold a year.

"RFID - logistics and supply chain"